During
the ages of thought preceding the scientific age, the idea that the universe
was alive seemed commonsensical. The perception of nature as animate included
everything from the smallest bug to the entire cosmos, including the stars
of the night sky, which were conceived of as not only being alive, but
super-alive: divine. Those twinkles that dot the night sky are nearer
to God than we, and they hold some interest in human affairs, according
to the ancient philosophies. In the context of modern science, such a
notion is meaningless. But the star larvae hypothesis revives the old
conception. The astral theme persists in religious symbolism, and the
star larvae hypothesis elevates it to a sublime portent.
Stellar allusions
and imagery appear early in cultural history. The astral motif is conspicuous
already in the ritual practices and art of shamanism. This hunter-gatherer
religion uses trance induction to produce visions of the spirit world.
Anthropologist Joan Halifax explains that the "realization of a solar
identity" experienced by the tribal priest, or shaman, during ritual
trance reveals to her or him the "deepest structures of the psyche."
The shaman seems to receive input from an astral dimension. Halifax surveys
the shamanic tradition in "Shaman : The Wounded Healer" (Thames
and Hudson, 1982), and there includes examples of beaming, radiant human
forms found in shamanic art, reflecting the psyche's stellar core.
"And
those who are wise shall shine like the brightness of the firmament;
and those who turn many to righteousness, like the stars for ever
and ever."
—-Daniel
12:3
Cult religions
of dynastic Egypt also saw stars as animate beings, taking them to be
the liberated souls of the ancestors. Persisting through Chaldean astrology
and its influence on Hellenic thought, into medieval theology, and on
into the revival of Hellenism during the Renaissance, the astral motif
retained a prominent place in religious sensibility. The
divine status of stars crossed effortlessly from the Pagan to the Christian
world. It passed from Patristic Fathers, such as Origen, through the
retention of Aristotelian cosmology in the medieval world, to Renaissance
philosophers, such as Ficino, Bruno and the later angelologists, such
as Dee and Fludd. It was fundamental to Hermetic magic as well and has
a discernable counterpart in Jewish Kabbalism.
The Christian
connection is perhaps underappreciated, but American revolutionary Thomas
Paine was adamant about his belief in the astrological origins of Christianity.
In his essay
on the origins of Freemasonry he explains,
"The
Christian religion and Masonry have one and the same common origin:
both are derived from the worship of the sun. The difference between
their origin is, that the Christian religion is a parody on the worship
of the sun, in which they put a man whom they call Christ, in the place
of the sun, and pay him the same adoration which was originally paid
to the sun, as I have shown in the chapter on the origin of the Christian
religion.
In Masonry
many of the ceremonies of the Druids are preserved in their original
state, at least without any parody. With them the sun is still the sun;
and his image in the form of the sun is the great emblematical ornament
of Masonic lodges and Masonic dresses. It is the central figure on their
aprons, and they wear it also pendant on the breast of their lodges,
and in their processions. It has the figure of a man, as at the head
of the sun, as Christ is always represented."
"Everything
told of Christ has reference to the sun. His reported resurrection is
at sunrise, and that on the first day of the week; that is, on the day
anciently dedicated to the sun, and from thence called Sunday - in Latin
Dies Solis, the day of the sun; and the next day, Monday, is
Moon-day. But there is no room in a letter to explain these things."
Spiritual
attainment expresses itself as solarization in these graphic examples
from Australia (left) and Mexico (right).
The rise
of scientific rationalism during the eighteenth century essentially knocked
Renaissance occultism off the stage of intellectual preoccupation. With
the early successes of modern laboratory experimentation and feats of
mechanical engineering, Enlightenment science retired the longstanding
metaphor of nature-as-organism and replaced it with the modern metaphor
of nature-as-mechanism. This change swept aside the old conception
of living stars, though astrology continues to attract a devoted following.
Religious
figures receive coronal treatments even today, as in the glowing images
of Jesus, Mary, and the saints in Catholic art. The concept of transfiguration
is a naked appeal to stardom. From the biography of a medieval Christian
mystic, Mircea Eliade cites a dramatic account of an (essentially shamanic)
transfiguration experience:
"As
this light continued to shine with ever increasing brightness and became
like a midday sun shining in splendour above him, he saw that he was
himself at the centre of the light and that the sweetness invading his
whole body from so near filled him with joy and tears. He saw the light
unbelievably uniting with his flesh and gradually pervading his limbs.
He saw this light finally invading his body, his heart and his bowels,
the whole light invading his whole body and turning him completely to
fire and light."
In "The
Two and the One",
Eliade collects this and similar accounts of what he calls "the mystical
light." He argues that the mystical essence of religious sensibility
includes such transfigurations. The Buddhists' "clear white light
of the void" and similar metaphors corroborate the universality of
this archetype. Eliade documents varieties of mystical experience that
include not only the mystical light, but also "mystical flight,"
the sensation of ascendance, along with instances of precognition, an
intuitive sensing of future events. Illuminated entities, enlightened
beings, and ascended masters populate the firmaments and astral planes
of ancient occult cosmologies as well as various "New Age" cults
of today. Evidence of these themes throughout the writings of comparative
religion points to a well-developed complex in the psyche that revolves
around stellar attributes and anticipates human participation in the stellar
life cycle. We star-struck, starry-eyed humans are driven toward the heavens
by our stellar nature. "Every man and every woman is a star,"
declared the notorious English occultist Aleister
Crowley. Through his hermetic investigations he had distilled the
collective calling of humankind.
Solar
designs typify the monstrance, a ritual object used in Catholic worship.
This grand
calling expresses itself not only through personal psychology, but also
through the history of humankind collectively. The most historically significant
civilizations, according again to Mircea Eliade, embrace the solar/stellar
themes of astral religion. If shamanism is the default mode of religion
in hunter-gatherer societies, then a ceremonialized expression of the
stellar calling through ritual sun worship seems to be the corresponding
form in agrarian societies.
The cosmic
trances of shamanism and mystical revelation became collectivized and
vitiated into orthodoxies of faith and belief as human labor became more
regimented and specialized under agrarianism. Lunar, atmospheric, and
then terrestrial inspirations gave rise to pantheons and legalistic doctrines,
and transcendental experiences gave way to collective pageantry. This
seems to be the general pattern of religious development.
"The
highest ideal is to take the sun as your model. [. . . .] The image
of perfection is the sun and if you adopt him as your model, if,
like him, you think of nothing but bringing light, warmth and life
to all creatures, then you will really work your own transformation.
[. . . .] This desire to communicate light, warmth and life, to
other creatures will make you, yourself, more luminous, more loving
and more alive."
However,
a handful of civilizations resisted the tendency to reorient religious
sensibility from the sky to the earth. Rather than sprout a multiplicity
of nature gods, they retained an overt solar orientation. Eliade, in "Patterns
in Comparative Religion",
characterizes a peculiarity of the most intensely sun-centric civilizations.
The sun remains the primary focus of the religion, he observes, among
those civilizations that show the greatest historical progress.
"It
is really only in Egypt, Asia, and in primitive Europe that what we
call sun worship ever attained sufficient popularity to become at any
time, as in Egypt for instance, really dominant. If you consider that,
on the other side of the Atlantic, the solar religion was developed
only in Peru and Mexico, only, that is, among the two 'civilized' peoples
of America, the only two who attained any level of real political organization,
then you cannot help discerning a certain connection between the predominance
of sun religions and what I may call ‘historic’ destinies.
It could be said that where 'history is on the march,' thanks to kings,
heroes, or empires, the sun is supreme."
The
halos, auras, nimbuses, and coronas that crown the assumptive and ascending
heads of Catholic, Hermetic, and Alchemical sacred art testify to the
persistence of the solar archetype in religious sensibility. Even the
revered, adored, and glorified luminaries of popular culture are called
by their fans, "stars." The star larvae hypothesis suggests
that even such innocuous conventions evince a nascent intuition of the
evolutionary program. Stardom resides in terrestrial human beings and
expresses itself psychologically as the illumination or enlightenment
of the individual and collectively as the
cult(ure) of the sun and of a future Heaven beyond Earth. But the
star larvae hypothesis is more than an exposition of archetypal psychology.
It proposes that the archetype of the astral divinity is a blueprint for
a literal historical event. The engineering of the event is the task at
hand.
Admittedly,
the foregoing begs several questions. Among them is that of the origin
of the larvae and their appearance on the incubator planet. This consideration
returns us the to the scientific side of the argument.
If you're researching religions then one interesting thing to consider is the various Native American beliefs that are and have been practiced. Seeing how the beliefs impacted the society's art and culture is one way that reviewing religions can be interesting.